Ways to steer clear of those Web evil doers.(Business)

Byline: The Sacramento Bee

Here are some steps to prevent becoming a victim of viruses, hackers and spies:

* Install a firewall: Hackers search the Internet the way some telemarketers automatically dial random phone numbers: They send out pings (calls) to thousands of computers and wait for responses. Firewalls prevent your computer from responding. Some computers with built-in firewalls may be shipped in the "off" mode. Be sure your firewall is set up properly and updated regularly. Check your online "Help" feature for instructions.

* Use anti-virus software: It scans your computer and e-mail for viruses, then deletes them. Keep it continually running and updated to thwart the latest "bugs." Set it to check for viruses daily.

* Avoid spyware: Some spyware records every keystroke you make, including passwords and financial information. Signs that your computer may be infected: a sudden flurry of pop-up ads, slower performance and being taken to websites you don't want. Spyware protection is included in some anti-virus software programs or can be purchased separately. To avoid it: Download "free" software only from sites you trust. Don't click on links in pop-up windows or spam e-mails.

* Manage your browser: Put your security settings at medium or higher. Look under "Tool" and "Options" menus for how to do this. Update your system and browser regularly, taking advantage of automatic security updates.

* Use a strong password: Choose passwords that are hard to guess. Use at least eight characters, with a combination of letters, numbers and special characters. Don't use words easily found in a dictionary. Try a phrase to help remember your password, using the first letter of each word. (i.e., HmWc@wC2 for: "How much wood could a woodchuck chuck").

* Secure your wireless: If using a wireless network at home, choose a router with encryption. On a public Wi-Fi network, avoid accessing or sending sensitive personal information. Consider buying a mobile broadband card, which plugs into your computer, laptop or phone and uses a cellphone signal to provide high-speed Internet access.

* Be careful when sharing: Sharing digital files (music, movies, photos) can expose you to risks. You might download a virus or spyware that makes your computer vulnerable to hackers.

* Shop online safely: Check out websites before entering your credit-card number or other personal information. Read the privacy policy and look for places to opt out of information sharing. (If there is no privacy policy, don't shop there.) Look for an "https" in the address bar or an unbroken padlock icon in the browser window. These indicate your information will be encrypted or scrambled as protection against hackers.

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